How AMS3678 Ensures Consistency in Sealing Materials

Cliff • June 17, 2019

When it comes to designing and developing seals, the aerospace and industrial industries need a basis to allow production anywhere in the world.

One of the first PTFE (Teflon) standards, AMS3678, describes Teflon and the addition of fillers. This was used in conjunction with Mil-R-8791, which is one of the Mil specs describing a backup ring device.

The origin of all these specs dates back to the creation of the O-ring.

The Origin of the O-Ring Patent

In 1939, Niels A. Christensen was granted a U.S. Patent for “new and useful improvements in packings and the like for power cylinders.” These referred to improved packing rings made of “solid rubber or rubber composition very dense and yet possessive of great liveliness and compressibility.” These products were suitable for use as packings for fluid medium pistons (liquid or air). The improved packing ring is the modern O-ring.

There was a progression of standards for the O-rings created by individual countries, such as AS568, BS 1806, DIN 3771, JIS B2401, NF T47-501, and SMS 1586. Eventually, AS568 became more accepted in the industry.

The backup ring was originally created to help improve the O-ring’s ability to resist extrusion. Teflon was widely used as one of the materials for backup ring devices. Standards were created to unify the production of this Teflon device.

The Progression of Mil Specs

We accept purchase orders on a regular basis for Mil-R-8791 and other mil specs of a similar vintage, describing Teflon and its fillers used in seals and backup ring devices.

The progression of standard changes has led to AMS3678/1 for Virgin PTFE through AMS3678/16. These standards describe a group of Virgin- and filled-PTFE materials accepted by the industry for manufacturing seals and back-up ring devices.

Mil-R-8791 was canceled in February 1982. This spec was superseded with AS8791, which eventually evolved into AMS3678.

AMS3678 is a tool used by customers and Teflon suppliers to create uniformity in the manufacturing and processing of seal and bearing materials. The standard is inclusive of most of the compounds upon which the industry was built.

When our customers approach us with an old “mil spec”, we push the certification to the new AMS spec which is currently active. Eclipse manufactures to the spec so our customers will have the confidence that we manufacture to a known standard.

When we cross custom materials from well-known sources, we drive the customer to an accepted spec that is equivalent to the original source of the material. This helps our customers sell their products with internationally-known materials rather than custom, home-grown compounds that are often intended to single source those materials.

There are several qualifications of the spec that we as suppliers must observe. This includes dimensional stability tests. This test ensures the material has been properly annealed, and that the seal or backup ring will fit and function as it was originally intended.

Eclipse is uniquely qualified to supply parts to the latest AMS3678 specification. We understand the scope of the specification which allows us to ship parts with fully traceable certification.

AMS3678 helps validate a material to a customer to ensure they get the same material processed the same way with each order. Beyond this, there are other ways to determine what makes a part process-capable.

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Eclipse deals regularly with challenging sealing applications from all industries. High pressures and speeds create unique sets of conditions where seal design and material properties are pushed to the limit. While reciprocating applications can certainly test seals to the edge of capability, often times rotary applications can present the greatest challenge to seal integrity and wear life. Unlike reciprocating configurations where the seal is acting on a different part of the shaft or bore throughout it’s operating range, rotary seals must operate on the same sealing area continuously. This makes things like heat rejection much more difficult, especially in unlubricated or dry running applications. Extreme localized heating can have negative affect on both seal and hardware life. Rotary applications also pose sealing difficulties due to the simple fact that surface speeds can be much higher than in reciprocating systems. A simple electric motor can operate at very high rpm, while long stroke, high speed reciprocating machinery is a major piece of equipment that is far less common (though Eclipse also has sealing solutions in a number of these situations). A customer approached Eclipse with an application that was beyond the scope and capability of any standard, off-the-shelf rotary seal. This sealing system would require a combination of both wear resistance in high-speed rotary, as well as excellent leakage control and sealability. Two factors that, more often than not, work in opposition to each other. The Customer Issue The customer was developing a test system that required an electric motor shaft passed through the wall of a large vacuum chamber. The testing apparatus needed a sizable motor to meet the speed and torque requirements. Adapting the motor to operate inside the chamber would not be practical due to contamination and motor cooling concerns. Therefore, the motor would have to be placed outside the chamber and a driveshaft would have to go through the chamber wall. Which, of course, would need a seal. Operating Conditions:
 Rotary Shaft Seal
 Shaft Diameter: 2.5”
 RPM: 7,500 RPM - unlubricated
 Pressure: Vacuum internal side / 1 ATM external side Temperature: 40° - 90°F The customer knew any kind of off-the-shelf rotary seal with a rubber element would not last any amount of time in the combination of speed and a dry running condition. They also knew a single lip PTFE seal would likely not meet their leakage requirements. Therefore, they turned Eclipse for a custom sealing solution.